Why do my gums bleed?

The most common cause of bleeding gums is a condition called gingivitis. We sometimes have patients ask us 'Is it normal for gums to bleed occasionally?' We usually answer them with a similar question of 'Would you consider it normal if your hands bled occasionally when you washed them?' Healthy gums do not bleed - instead they are firm and pink. Gingival or gum health is important to ensure healthy teeth for life, and also for general health.

So what causes gingivitis? Plaque is a soft layer of bacteria that can form around your teeth daily, and this can disrupt the gums to cause Gingivitis. Gingivitis occurs due to Plaque accumulation that is not removed from the teeth through thorough brushing twice daily and flossing daily. When gingivitis occurs the gums can appear red, puffy, and bleeding may be noticed when brushing and flossing. As Plaque accumulates around the teeth, the bacteria present in Plaque produce chemicals which cause the gums to become inflamed. In moderate/severe cases the supporting bone and fibres that keep the teeth in place becomes affected and teeth can become mobile. Plaque can harden in the mouth with time to form as Calculus, also known as Tartar. Calculus cannot be removed by flossing and brushing, and can only be removed by your Oral Health Professional.

It is important to implement these steps at home to prevent gum disease:

  • Use a soft bristle toothbrush daily
  • Use a gentle, circular motion along the gum line
  • Do not scrub with your toothbrush
  • Develop a pattern when brushing to ensure all areas are cleaned
  • Change your toothbrush regularly
  • Brush for 2 minutes, twice daily
  • Floss daily to remove plaque trapped between the teeth

Gingivitis can successfully be treated by implementing these measures, and seeing your Oral Health Professional for diagnosis and regular examinations and cleans. Your oral health professional will be able to cater special oral hygiene instruction to the individual at your dental visit.